Cryptocurrency · 2012

PPCoin: Peer-to-Peer Crypto-Currency with Proof-of-Stake

Sunny King, Scott Nadal

August 19th, 2012

Proposes a crypto-currency derived from Bitcoin in which proof-of-stake, based on coin age, provides most of the network security.

Poster of “PPCoin: Peer-to-Peer Crypto-Currency with Proof-of-Stake”: the text in three columns
Shown in the ivorygenesis theme
Print from
A3
License
CC BY-ND 4.0
Retrieved
27 September 2026
Language
English
Rights holder
Sunny King, Scott Nadal, 2012

Theme

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Print from A3: the smallest A size at which the body text is at least 8 pt.

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Edition

The PDF of 19 August 2012 (6 pages, made with Microsoft Word, author Sunny King) that peercoin.net distributes, identical to public/papers/peercoin-paper.pdf in the repository github.com/peercoin/peercoin.net (41972 bytes, SHA-256 aa0d92b02ee72be2bb5f10a036806829369e9bfb5a4956b548167efefd2204f4). The text comes from pdftotext and was checked word for word against the PDF: lines are joined into paragraphs, and the five compounds split at their own hyphen at a line end (energy-efficient, proof-of-work twice, proof-of-stake, low-inflation) are rejoined with their hyphen. Headings are unnumbered and italics are kept as in the PDF. The title, authors, e-mail addresses, date and abstract are in the header. The figure of page 2 is the vector drawing of the PDF, converted to SVG with pdftocairo and cropped to the drawing, unchanged, on the white of the page; its caption is set below it in the type of the poster.

Rights

Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. [...] Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to: A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and B. produce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material.

LICENSE.md of the repository of the peercoin.net site, which holds the paper as public/papers/peercoin-paper.pdf: https://github.com/peercoin/peercoin.net/blob/main/LICENSE.md (CC BY-ND 4.0 since 19 February 2019; the same PDF was there under the MIT license of the site code before). The license is the repository’s, not a statement of the authors, and the site footer reads “Copyright © 2026 The Peercoin Developers | All Rights Reserved”. NoDerivatives: the poster shares the paper unchanged; the Creative Commons FAQ (https://creativecommons.org/faq/) says that exercising the rights “in any format or medium” is not an adaptation, “even if you have had to make formatting changes to do so”.

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