Mathematics · 1832
Lettre de Galois à M. Auguste Chevalier
Letter of 29 May 1832
Dated 29 May 1832, two days before his death, Galois’s letter summarizes his work on equations, groups and algebraic integrals.
Read the text The whole poster as a web page
- Print from
- A2
- License
- Public domain
- Source
- numdam.org
- Retrieved
- 27 September 2026
- Language
- French
- Rights holder
- Évariste Galois, 1832; notes by Joseph Liouville, 1846
Theme
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Print from A2: the smallest A size at which the body text is at least 8 pt.
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Edition
The letter as printed in the Journal de mathématiques pures et appliquées, 1re série, tome XI (November 1846), pp. 408-415, within the Œuvres mathématiques d’Évariste Galois (pp. 381-444), not the first printing of the Revue encyclopédique (September 1832, p. 568), whose text differs in places. The text comes from the text layer (OCR) of the NUMDAM PDF of that printing, corrected word by word, and every formula read again, against two scans: NUMDAM (digitized by the BnF for Gallica) and the Internet Archive item s1journaldemat11liou (University of Toronto copy); the proofread text of the 1897 Gauthier-Villars edition on French Wikisource served as a cross-check only. The heading “Lettre de Galois à M. Auguste Chevalier” is the title of the poster; the line under it, “(Insérée en 1832 dans la Revue encyclopédique ...)”, opens the text and carries the note that the print calls from the heading. The two notes signed (J. L.) are kept as footnotes; the Note de M. Liouville that follows the letter is left out. Running heads, page numbers, the foot line of p. 409 and the signature marks of the sheets are dropped; words hyphenated at line ends are rejoined; the spaces that the typesetter put before commas are not kept, and a colon keeps its space before it, made unbreakable. The formulas are set with KaTeX: the capitals of groups and functions are upright, as printed, the minus signs, printed with a dash, are set as minus signs, and “M² = 1” is set as text.
Rights
Évariste Galois died on 31 May 1832 (Wikidata Q7091) and Joseph Liouville, who signed the notes (J. L.), on 8 September 1882 (Wikidata Q214549); the letter was published in 1832 and this edition in 1846. The text is in the public domain in France, where both authors died before 1 January 1956, and in the United States, where it was published before 1 January 1931. The NUMDAM conditions of use state that “les documents du domaine public” may be republished without explicit permission (https://www.numdam.org/conditions/).
